I get asked a lot about ways to get started investing in high school. That’s a tough question, because I’m a firm believer that you should start investing as early as possible.
However, it’s really a bad decision for minors to own stocks. I think if you’re going to teach children how to invest, you need to start with how investing via a low cost index fund is the way to go (just look at Warren Buffett). Only then should you teach them to look at individual stocks.
So that doesn’t mean that you can’t get started investing in high school! It just means getting them started the right way investing in high school!
The Legalities of Investing as a Minor
First, I’m not a lawyer or tax advisor, so consult all the applicable professionals before doing anything related to opening accounts. I can, however, tell you the following truths:
- Minors can own stocks in their names (contrary to popular belief).
- Minors cannot open a brokerage account, because they cannot sign legally for themselves and transfer agents cannot accept the signature of a minor to complete any transactions.
- Minors can have custodial accounts (UGMA accounts) opened in their name.
- Minors can have a Roth IRA if they have earned income.
This may sound counterintuitive, but realize that there is nothing to prevent a minor from owning a stock. However, the minor cannot complete the transaction on their own — they have to have their legal guardian do it. If the stock is in the minor’s name, neither the guardian nor the minor can conduct any transactions with it.
That’s why UGMA accounts were created. The assets (stocks) held in the account are in the minor’s name, but the trustee listed can conduct transactions on the minor’s behalf until they are of legal age to conduct transactions for themselves.
How can minors open a Roth IRA then? Well, technically the Roth IRA is just an account . . . so there doesn’t have to be any investments made. The only qualifier for a Roth IRA is having earned income that meets the specified adjusted gross income (AGI) limits. Just like the UGMA account, a parent or guardian must act as the custodian until the child is of age. The other great part of the Roth IRA is that it doesn’t technically matter who contributes — so a parent or other relative could also contribute to the Roth IRA on the child’s behalf.
The Real Aspect of Investing in High School
Skipping the legalities, most teens just want to experience investing. Parents and teachers can help with this.
At Home
At home, if children have accounts set up in their name, start letting them see the investments and even having a say in the decision-making process. This can be a great teaching opportunity, and can also teach real responsibility. Letting teens start to handle their own investments will set them up for long-term success.
If they don’t have an account, maybe now is the time that you open one for them to invest in. Let them learn about the stock market and actual investing. If they have some money saved up, you can open them a UGMA account if they have no income, or a Roth IRA if they have a summer job that paid them W-2 or 1099 earned income.
Then, let them research and invest in a company or index fund of their choosing. Help them monitor their positions, and teach them about dividends, capital gains, and taxes.
Finally, I also recommend that parents share their own investment accounts with their children and explain to them what they are, and how they work. Show them your 401(k), IRAs, brokerage accounts, and anything else you have. Information is power, and teaching your kid how to invest early is a smart move.
Investing in High School
We’ve highlighted here colleges that have hedge funds, but now, many high schools are opening funds for their students to learn and invest in. Plus, FINRA has a 4-H program that is designed to educate high school students on investing, stocks, and other aspects of personal finance.
Programs like these can get your high school student starting to think about investing, and do it in a way that is legal, and useful!